How to fix Error response from daemon: Read-only file system in Docker

# Check Docker installation location
which docker
# Snap installation shows: /snap/bin/docker

# Confirm Snap installation
snap list | grep docker

# Remove Snap Docker
sudo snap remove docker

# Clean up any leftover data
sudo rm -rf /var/snap/docker

# Install Docker from official repository
# Add Docker's official GPG key
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# Install Docker
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# Check overall disk space
df -h

# Check Docker-specific storage usage
docker system df

# Check the Docker data directory specifically
df -h /var/lib/docker
du -sh /var/lib/docker/* 2>/dev/null

# Remove all stopped containers, unused networks, dangling images, and build cache
docker system prune -a -f

# Additionally remove unused volumes (WARNING: may delete data)
docker system prune -a --volumes -f

# Check space recovered
df -h /var/lib/docker

# Attempt to remount as read-write
sudo mount -o remount,rw /

# Restart Docker daemon
sudo systemctl restart docker

# Check kernel messages for filesystem/hardware errors
dmesg | grep -iE "read.only|ext4.fs error|xfs.fs|I/O error|aborting journal|remounting.*ro"

# Check for recent errors
journalctl -k --since "1 hour ago" | grep -iE "error|readonly|read-only"

# Check SMART status (install smartmontools if needed)
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

# Check for bad blocks (non-destructive read test)
sudo badblocks -v /dev/sda

# Close Docker Desktop completely
Stop-Process -Name "Docker Desktop" -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

# Delete Docker settings and VM data
Remove-Item "$env:APPDATA\Docker" -Recurse -Force

# Restart Docker Desktop from Start Menu

# Quit Docker Desktop
osascript -e 'quit app "Docker"'

# Remove Docker Desktop data (WARNING: removes containers and images)
rm -rf ~/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker
rm -rf ~/Library/Group\ Containers/group.com.docker
rm -rf ~/.docker

# Restart Docker Desktop
open -a Docker

# Delete and recreate Colima VM
colima delete
brew upgrade colima
colima start

# Check Docker data directory permissions
ls -la /var/lib/docker

# The directory should be owned by root:root with mode 711
# Expected output: drwx--x--x root root /var/lib/docker

# Fix ownership
sudo chown -R root:root /var/lib/docker

# Fix directory permissions
sudo chmod 711 /var/lib/docker

# Restart Docker
sudo systemctl restart docker

# Rootless Docker stores data in user's home
ls -la ~/.local/share/docker

# Ensure the user owns the directory
chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) ~/.local/share/docker

# Stop Docker daemon
sudo systemctl stop docker

# Backup any important volume data first
# sudo cp -r /var/lib/docker/volumes /backup/docker-volumes

# Remove Docker data directory
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker

# Recreate the directory
sudo mkdir /var/lib/docker
sudo chmod 711 /var/lib/docker

# Start Docker - it will reinitialize storage
sudo systemctl start docker

# Verify Docker is working
docker info | grep "Storage Driver"
docker run --rm hello-world

# Edit or create daemon configuration
sudo nano /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}

sudo systemctl restart docker

# Check current mount status
mount | grep docker
mount | grep "$(df /var/lib/docker | tail -1 | awk '{print $1}')"

# Look for "ro" (read-only) in the mount options

# Attempt to remount as read-write
sudo mount -o remount,rw /var/lib/docker

# Or if Docker data is on the root filesystem
sudo mount -o remount,rw /

# Check NFS mount status
showmount -e your-nfs-server

# Remount NFS with read-write
sudo umount /var/lib/docker
sudo mount -t nfs -o rw your-nfs-server:/docker /var/lib/docker

# Restart Docker daemon
sudo systemctl restart docker

# Check daemon status
sudo systemctl status docker

# Verify Docker info shows no errors
docker info

# Test write operations
docker pull alpine:latest
docker run --rm alpine echo "Docker daemon write test passed"

# Test build capability
echo "FROM alpine" | docker build -t test-build -
docker rmi test-build

# View live Docker daemon logs
sudo journalctl -u docker -f

# Check for specific error patterns
sudo journalctl -u docker --since "10 minutes ago" | grep -i "read.only\|error\|failed"