How to fix DocumentNotFoundError: No document found for query in MongoDB

// Check if document exists before attempting update
const existingDoc = await Model.findById(documentId);
if (!existingDoc) {
  throw new Error(`Document with ID ${documentId} not found`);
}

// Or use findOne to check with custom query
const doc = await Model.findOne({ _id: documentId, status: "active" });
if (!doc) {
  // Handle missing document appropriately
}

db.collection.find({ _id: ObjectId("your-document-id") })

// This will create the document if it doesn't exist
const result = await Model.findOneAndUpdate(
  { _id: documentId },
  { $set: updateData },
  { 
    new: true, 
    upsert: true, // Creates document if it doesn't exist
    runValidators: true 
  }
);

try {
  const updatedDoc = await Model.findByIdAndUpdate(
    documentId,
    updateData,
    { new: true, runValidators: true }
  );
  
  if (!updatedDoc) {
    // Handle case where document doesn't exist
    return res.status(404).json({ 
      error: "Document not found",
      message: `No document found with ID: ${documentId}`
    });
  }
  
  res.json(updatedDoc);
} catch (error) {
  if (error.name === "DocumentNotFoundError") {
    return res.status(404).json({ 
      error: "DocumentNotFoundError",
      message: error.message
    });
  }
  
  // Handle other errors
  console.error("Update error:", error);
  res.status(500).json({ error: "Internal server error" });
}

// Common issues to check:
// 1. String vs ObjectId comparison
const doc = await Model.findOne({ _id: "string-id" }); // Wrong
const doc = await Model.findOne({ _id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId("string-id") }); // Correct

// 2. Case sensitivity in string fields
const doc = await Model.findOne({ email: "[email protected]" }); // May not match "[email protected]"
const doc = await Model.findOne({ email: /^user@example\.com$/i }); // Case-insensitive regex

// 3. Nested field queries
const doc = await Model.findOne({ "address.city": "New York" }); // Correct syntax

// 4. Date comparisons
const doc = await Model.findOne({ 
  createdAt: { 
    $gte: new Date("2024-01-01"),
    $lte: new Date("2024-12-31")
  }
});

// Validate MongoDB ObjectId format
function isValidObjectId(id) {
  return mongoose.Types.ObjectId.isValid(id) && 
         (new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(id)).toString() === id;
}

// Use middleware to validate IDs
app.param("id", (req, res, next, id) => {
  if (!isValidObjectId(id)) {
    return res.status(400).json({ 
      error: "Invalid ID format",
      message: "ID must be a valid MongoDB ObjectId"
    });
  }
  next();
});

// Clean up stale references in your application
// Remove references to deleted documents from caches or in-memory stores