ERROR 1030 indicates the storage engine encountered a problem reading, writing, or accessing data. Common causes include insufficient disk space, table corruption, file permissions issues, or buffer pool misconfiguration. Most cases resolve by checking disk space and repairing corrupted tables.
ERROR 1030 (ER_GET_ERRNO) is a generic error message from MySQL's storage engine layer, which handles all data access operations. The specific error code appended to the message (such as "Got error 28 from storage engine") indicates the underlying system error. Error 28 typically means "No space left on device", error 127 means the record file is crashed, error 139 indicates a row size violation, and error 168 suggests permission or SELinux issues. This error occurs when the storage engine (InnoDB or MyISAM) cannot complete a requested operation due to system-level or database-level problems.
First, verify that your server has sufficient disk space. Run these commands to check:
# Check overall disk usage
df -h
# Check MySQL data directory specifically
du -sh /var/lib/mysql/If disk usage is above 90%, this is likely your issue. Free up space by:
- Deleting old log files: rm /var/log/mysql/*.log.old
- Truncating large binary logs if using replication: PURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 10 DAY);
- Backing up and removing old backups from the data directory
- Expanding the disk or moving MySQL to a larger volume
After freeing space, restart MySQL: sudo systemctl restart mysql
Use the CHECK TABLE command to identify corruption:
-- Check a specific table
CHECK TABLE your_table_name;
-- Check multiple tables in a database
CHECK TABLE table1, table2, table3;Repair corrupted tables based on their storage engine:
For MyISAM tables:
REPAIR TABLE your_table_name;For InnoDB tables:
-- First, check the error log
SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;
-- If corruption is detected, set recovery mode and restart
-- Add to my.cnf or my.ini:
-- innodb_force_recovery=1
-- Then restart MySQL
-- After restart, dump the table data
mysqldump -u root -p database_name table_name > backup.sql
-- Drop the corrupted table
DROP TABLE table_name;
-- Restart MySQL normally (remove innodb_force_recovery)
-- Restore the table
mysql -u root -p database_name < backup.sqlCheck your current InnoDB buffer pool size:
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_buffer_pool_size';If it's too small (less than 1GB on most systems), increase it. Edit your MySQL configuration file (/etc/mysql/my.cnf or /etc/my.ini on Windows):
[mysqld]
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2GFor systems with more memory:
- 8GB RAM: Set to 6GB
- 16GB+ RAM: Set to 50-75% of available RAM
After making changes, restart MySQL:
sudo systemctl restart mysqlIncorrect permissions can prevent the storage engine from accessing data files. Check and correct ownership:
# Verify MySQL owns the data directory
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
# Check file permissions
sudo chmod 750 /var/lib/mysql
sudo chmod 640 /var/lib/mysql/*If SELinux is enabled, restore the security context:
sudo restorecon -Rv /var/lib/mysqlThen restart MySQL:
sudo systemctl restart mysqlIf you're getting "Error 1030: Got error 139", your table has rows exceeding InnoDB limits. InnoDB limits the row size to approximately 8KB for the default 16KB page size.
For InnoDB tables, change the row format to DYNAMIC (which stores long column data off-page):
-- First, check your current InnoDB file format
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_file_format';
-- Set to Barracuda to support DYNAMIC format
SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=Barracuda;
-- Update my.cnf to persist the change
-- innodb_file_format=Barracuda
-- Alter your table
ALTER TABLE your_table_name ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;After making this change, restart MySQL:
sudo systemctl restart mysqlIf the error persists after the above steps, underlying filesystem or hardware issues may exist:
# Check filesystem for errors (run during maintenance window)
# WARNING: This requires stopping MySQL and unmounting the filesystem
sudo systemctl stop mysql
sudo fsck -n /dev/sda1 # use -n for read-only check first
# Check for bad sectors
sudo badblocks -v /dev/sda1
# Review system logs for I/O errors
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep -i errorIf errors are found, consider:
- Replacing faulty storage hardware
- Restoring MySQL from a recent backup to a different disk
- Contacting your hosting provider if on a cloud platform
Error code meanings: 28 = No space left on device, 127 = Record file crashed (corruption), 139 = Row too large for InnoDB page, 168 = Permission denied or SELinux issue, 134 = Concurrent modification error on MyISAM. For production systems, implement proactive monitoring: set up alerts when disk usage exceeds 80%, regularly run CHECK TABLE on critical tables, and maintain automated backups. If innodb_force_recovery was previously set to handle corruption, always test the recovery process and verify data integrity before setting it back to 0. For replicated systems, error 1030 on a slave often indicates different hardware specs—match slave disk space and memory to the master or increase buffer pool size proportionally.
EE_WRITE (3): Error writing file
How to fix "EE_WRITE (3): Error writing file" in MySQL
CR_PARAMS_NOT_BOUND (2031): No data supplied for parameters
How to fix "CR_PARAMS_NOT_BOUND (2031): No data supplied for parameters" in MySQL
CR_DNS_SRV_LOOKUP_FAILED (2070): DNS SRV lookup failed
How to fix "CR_DNS_SRV_LOOKUP_FAILED (2070): DNS SRV lookup failed" in MySQL
ERROR 1146: Table 'database.table' doesn't exist
How to fix "ERROR 1146: Table doesn't exist" in MySQL
ERROR 1040: Too many connections
How to fix "ERROR 1040: Too many connections" in MySQL