How to fix Error: SSL_ERROR_BAD_HANDSHAKE (TLS handshake failed) in Node.js

# Test TLS connection and view certificate details
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -servername example.com

# Check supported TLS versions
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -tls1_2
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -tls1_3

# List supported cipher suites
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -cipher 'ALL' -servername example.com

# Check your current Node.js version
node --version

# Update using nvm (recommended)
nvm install --lts
nvm use --lts

# Or download from nodejs.org
# https://nodejs.org/

const https = require('https');
const fs = require('fs');

const options = {
  hostname: 'example.com',
  port: 443,
  path: '/',
  method: 'GET',
  ca: fs.readFileSync('/path/to/ca-cert.pem'),
  // Optionally specify minimum TLS version
  minVersion: 'TLSv1.2',
};

const req = https.request(options, (res) => {
  console.log('Status:', res.statusCode);
  res.on('data', (d) => process.stdout.write(d));
});

req.on('error', (error) => {
  console.error('Error:', error);
});

req.end();

const axios = require('axios');
const https = require('https');
const fs = require('fs');

const agent = new https.Agent({
  ca: fs.readFileSync('/path/to/ca-cert.pem'),
  minVersion: 'TLSv1.2',
});

axios.get('https://example.com', { httpsAgent: agent })
  .then(response => console.log(response.data))
  .catch(error => console.error(error));

const https = require('https');
const tls = require('tls');

const options = {
  hostname: 'example.com',
  port: 443,
  path: '/',
  method: 'GET',
  minVersion: 'TLSv1.2',
  maxVersion: 'TLSv1.3',
};

https.request(options, (res) => {
  console.log('Connected with:', res.socket.getProtocol());
  res.on('data', (d) => process.stdout.write(d));
}).end();

const tls = require('tls');
tls.DEFAULT_MIN_VERSION = 'TLSv1.2';

const https = require('https');

const options = {
  hostname: 'example.com',
  port: 443,
  path: '/',
  method: 'GET',
  ciphers: 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384',
  honorCipherOrder: true,
};

https.request(options, (res) => {
  console.log('Cipher:', res.socket.getCipher());
  res.on('data', (d) => process.stdout.write(d));
}).end();

node -e "console.log(require('tls').DEFAULT_CIPHERS)"

# Check current system time
date

# On Linux, sync with NTP
sudo ntpdate -s time.nist.gov

# Or use systemd-timesyncd
sudo timedatectl set-ntp true
timedatectl status

# On macOS
sudo sntp -sS time.apple.com

# Run Node.js with system CA certificates
node --use-openssl-ca app.js

# Or set environment variable
export NODE_OPTIONS="--use-openssl-ca"
node app.js

# Enable Node.js TLS debugging
NODE_DEBUG=tls node app.js

# Or use environment variable in code
process.env.NODE_DEBUG = 'tls';