This Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) error occurs when an option value provided to CREATE FOREIGN TABLE or ALTER FOREIGN TABLE is invalid or incompatible with the FDW implementation.
The HV024 error code in PostgreSQL indicates an `fdw_invalid_attribute_value` condition, which is part of the HV class of errors dedicated to Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) issues. This error occurs when PostgreSQL's foreign data wrapper validator function detects that an option value doesn't match what the FDW expects. Foreign data wrappers allow PostgreSQL to query external data sources (other PostgreSQL servers, MySQL, Oracle, CSV files, etc.) as if they were local tables. Each FDW has specific requirements for what options are valid when defining foreign tables, servers, or user mappings. The validator function checks these options at creation or modification time. This error typically indicates a mismatch between what you specified in your DDL statement and what the FDW's validator function accepts. The specific validation rules depend entirely on which FDW you're using (postgres_fdw, file_fdw, oracle_fdw, etc.).
The HV024 error message usually indicates which option is problematic. Look for details in the error output:
-- Example error output
ERROR: invalid option "invalid_option"
HINT: Valid options in this context are: ...The error message will typically tell you which option name or value caused the validation failure.
Different FDWs have different valid options. Check the documentation for the FDW you're using:
For postgres_fdw:
-- Valid options include: schema_name, table_name, column_name, etc.
-- See: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/postgres-fdw.htmlFor file_fdw:
-- Valid options include: filename, format, header, delimiter, etc.
-- See: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/file-fdw.htmlFor oracle_fdw (third-party):
-- Valid options vary by implementation
-- Consult the specific FDW's documentationReview the documentation to ensure you're using valid option names and values.
Ensure that option values match the expected format. Common issues include:
Boolean values:
-- Correct
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_table (...)
SERVER my_server
OPTIONS (updatable 'true'); -- String 'true' or 'false'
-- Incorrect
OPTIONS (updatable true); -- Boolean literal not acceptedNumeric values:
-- Correct
OPTIONS (fetch_size '1000'); -- Quoted number
-- Incorrect
OPTIONS (fetch_size 1000); -- Unquoted may cause issuesString values:
-- Correct
OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 'users');
-- Incorrect
OPTIONS (schema_name public); -- Missing quotesPostgreSQL doesn't allow duplicate option names in the same context:
-- Incorrect - duplicate option
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_table (
id integer,
name text
)
SERVER my_server
OPTIONS (
schema_name 'public',
schema_name 'other' -- ERROR: duplicate option
);Also check for mutually exclusive options that your FDW may not allow together. Consult the FDW documentation for conflicts.
Some options are valid only at specific levels (server, table, or column):
-- Server-level options
CREATE SERVER my_server
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw
OPTIONS (host 'localhost', port '5432', dbname 'mydb');
-- Table-level options
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_table (...)
SERVER my_server
OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 'users');
-- Column-level options
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_table (
id integer OPTIONS (column_name 'user_id'),
name text
)
SERVER my_server;Verify that you're using each option at the appropriate level according to the FDW documentation.
Start with a minimal set of required options, then add optional ones incrementally:
-- Start minimal
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE test_table (
id integer,
name text
)
SERVER my_server
OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 'users');
-- Test if this works
SELECT * FROM test_table LIMIT 1;
-- Then add additional options one at a time
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE test_table
OPTIONS (ADD updatable 'true');This helps isolate which specific option is causing the validation failure.
Validator Function Behavior: Each FDW can define a validator function that runs when you create or modify foreign objects. If the FDW was created with NO VALIDATOR, then option validation may be deferred until runtime, meaning you might not see HV024 at DDL time but could encounter errors when actually querying the foreign table.
Custom FDW Development: If you're developing your own FDW, the validator function should use ereport(ERROR) to report invalid options. The validator receives a text array of options and the OID of the catalog containing them.
Version Compatibility: Some FDWs add new options or change validation rules between versions. If you're upgrading PostgreSQL or updating an external FDW extension, review the changelog for option changes that might affect your existing foreign table definitions.
Option Inheritance: Options can be set at multiple levels (server, user mapping, table, column). When the same option appears at multiple levels, the most specific level takes precedence. This doesn't cause HV024 but can lead to unexpected behavior if you assume server-level options override table-level ones.
Security Considerations: Some FDWs restrict which options can be set by non-superusers for security reasons. If you encounter permission-related validation errors as a non-superuser, you may need superuser privileges to set certain options.
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