How to fix No SQL/JSON item in PostgreSQL

-- BEFORE (strict mode): raises error if field missing
SELECT jsonb_path_query(data, 'strict $.email') FROM users;

-- AFTER (lax mode): returns null if field missing
SELECT jsonb_path_query(data, '$.email') FROM users;

-- Return a default value if path returns empty
SELECT jsonb_path_query_first(
  data,
  '$.email'
  RETURNING text
  NULL ON EMPTY
) FROM users;

-- Specify behavior for both empty and error conditions
SELECT jsonb_path_query_first(
  data,
  '$.email'
  RETURNING text
  DEFAULT 'no-email' ON EMPTY
  DEFAULT 'error' ON ERROR
) FROM users;

-- Without silent parameter: may raise errors
SELECT jsonb_path_query(data, 'strict $.address.zipcode') FROM users;

-- With silent = true: suppresses errors and returns null
SELECT jsonb_path_query(data, 'strict $.address.zipcode', silent => true) FROM users;

-- For jsonb_path_exists with silent mode
SELECT * FROM users WHERE jsonb_path_exists(data, '$.email', silent => true);

-- View the JSON structure
SELECT jsonb_pretty(data) FROM users LIMIT 1;

-- Test the path expression
SELECT jsonb_path_query_array(data, '$') FROM users LIMIT 1;

-- Check if a specific path exists before querying it
SELECT * FROM users WHERE jsonb_path_exists(data, '$.email');

-- Check if path exists safely (errors suppressed)
SELECT * FROM users WHERE data @? '$.email';

-- Use @@ for path matching with filter
SELECT * FROM users WHERE data @@ '$.age > 18';

-- Combine with -> or ->> for safe extraction
SELECT data -> 'email' AS email FROM users WHERE data @? '$.email';