How to fix P2007: Data validation error in Prisma

Error: Error validating datasource `db`: the URL must start with the protocol `postgresql://`, `mysql://` or `file:`.

Invalid `prisma.user.create()` invocation:
{
  data: {
    email: "[email protected]"
    // Missing required argument 'name'
  }
}

Argument `data` is missing required properties: name

// schema.prisma
model User {
  id        String   @id @default(cuid())
  email     String   @unique
  name      String                   // Required - no ? means it's mandatory
  age       Int?                      // Optional
  bio       String?                   // Optional
}

// Wrong - missing required 'name' field
try {
  await prisma.user.create({
    data: {
      email: "[email protected]"
      // Missing 'name' - required field
    }
  });
} catch (error) {
  console.error(error); // P2007: Data validation error
}

// Correct - includes all required fields
await prisma.user.create({
  data: {
    email: "[email protected]",
    name: "John Doe",  // Required field provided
    age: 30            // Optional field
  }
});

// schema.prisma
model User {
  id    String @id @default(cuid())
  name  String
  posts Post[]
}

model Post {
  id     String @id @default(cuid())
  title  String
  user   User   @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id])
  userId String
}

// Wrong - incorrect nested syntax
await prisma.user.create({
  data: {
    name: "John",
    posts: [
      { title: "Post 1" }  // Wrong - missing the 'create' or 'connect' wrapper
    ]
  }
});

// Correct - proper nested syntax
await prisma.user.create({
  data: {
    name: "John",
    posts: {
      create: [
        { title: "Post 1" },
        { title: "Post 2" }
      ]
    }
  }
});

// Also valid - connect to existing posts
await prisma.user.create({
  data: {
    name: "John",
    posts: {
      connect: [
        { id: "post-id-1" }
      ]
    }
  }
});

import { Prisma } from '@prisma/client';

// Use Prisma's generated input types for validation
const userData: Prisma.UserCreateInput = {
  email: "[email protected]",
  name: "John",
  // TypeScript will catch missing required fields at compile time
};

await prisma.user.create({ data: userData });

import { z } from 'zod';

const createUserSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email('Invalid email'),
  name: z.string().min(1, 'Name is required'),
  age: z.number().int().positive().optional()
});

type CreateUserInput = z.infer<typeof createUserSchema>;

async function createUser(input: unknown) {
  // Validate at runtime
  const validatedData = createUserSchema.parse(input);

  // Now safe to pass to Prisma
  return await prisma.user.create({ data: validatedData });
}

// Usage
try {
  await createUser({
    email: "[email protected]",
    name: "John Doe",
    age: 30
  });
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
    console.error('Validation failed:', error.errors);
  }
}

// Wrong - incorrect where clause syntax
await prisma.user.findMany({
  where: "email = [email protected]"  // Wrong - string instead of object
});

// Correct - proper where object syntax
await prisma.user.findMany({
  where: {
    email: "[email protected]"  // Correct - object with field matcher
  }
});

// Complex queries with correct operators
await prisma.user.findMany({
  where: {
    AND: [
      { age: { gte: 18 } },        // Greater than or equal
      { email: { contains: "@example.com" } }  // Contains operator
    ]
  },
  orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
  take: 10
});

// Wrong - non-existent field
await prisma.user.findMany({
  where: {
    nonExistentField: "value"  // P2007 - field doesn't exist in schema
  }
});

// Wrong - missing data wrapper
await prisma.user.createMany({
  [
    { email: "[email protected]", name: "User 1" },
    { email: "[email protected]", name: "User 2" }
  ]
});

// Correct - proper createMany syntax
await prisma.user.createMany({
  data: [
    { email: "[email protected]", name: "User 1" },
    { email: "[email protected]", name: "User 2" }
  ]
});

// For updateMany, ensure where clause is an array or object
await prisma.user.updateMany({
  where: {
    email: { contains: "@example.com" }  // Valid where condition
  },
  data: {
    verified: true
  }
});