How to fix Method 'x' in type 'X' cannot be assigned to the same method in base type 'Y' in TypeScript

// Base class
class Animal {
  makeSound(volume: number): string {
    return `Sound at volume ${volume}`;
  }
}

// Derived class with incompatible override
class Dog extends Animal {
  // ERROR: Parameter type mismatch (string vs number)
  makeSound(volume: string): string {
    return `Bark at volume ${volume}`;
  }
}

class Base {
  getValue(): Animal {
    return new Animal();
  }
}

class Derived extends Base {
  // OK: Dog is a subtype of Animal
  getValue(): Dog {
    return new Dog();
  }
}

class WrongDerived extends Base {
  // ERROR: Object is not assignable to Animal
  getValue(): Object {
    return {};
  }
}

class Base {
  process(animal: Animal): void {
    console.log(animal.name);
  }
}

class Derived extends Base {
  // OK: Object is a supertype of Animal
  process(thing: Object): void {
    console.log(thing.toString());
  }
}

class WrongDerived extends Base {
  // ERROR: Dog is a subtype, not supertype
  process(dog: Dog): void {
    console.log(dog.bark());
  }
}

class Base {
  // Optional parameter
  configure(options?: object): void {
    // implementation
  }
}

class Derived extends Base {
  // ERROR: Made optional parameter required
  configure(options: object): void {
    // implementation
  }
}

class CorrectDerived extends Base {
  // OK: Still optional, can add default
  configure(options: object = {}): void {
    // implementation
  }
}

class Base {
  process(input: string): string;
  process(input: number): number;
  process(input: string | number): string | number {
    if (typeof input === "string") {
      return input.toUpperCase();
    } else {
      return input * 2;
    }
  }
}

class Derived extends Base {
  // Must support all base overloads
  process(input: string): string;
  process(input: number): number;
  process(input: string | number): string | number {
    // Can add new behavior but must be compatible
    if (typeof input === "string") {
      return `Processed: ${input.toUpperCase()}`;
    } else {
      return input * 3;
    }
  }
}

class Base {
  process<T extends Animal>(item: T): T {
    return item;
  }
}

class Derived extends Base {
  // OK: Dog extends Animal
  process<T extends Dog>(item: T): T {
    return item;
  }
}

class WrongDerived extends Base {
  // ERROR: T extends Object is looser than T extends Animal
  process<T extends Object>(item: T): T {
    return item;
  }
}

class Base {
  process(value: string): string {
    return value;
  }
}

class Derived extends Base {
  // Type assertion to suppress error (use with caution)
  process(value: any): string {
    return String(value);
  }
}

// Better alternative: use a union type
class BetterDerived extends Base {
  process(value: string | number): string {
    return String(value);
  }
}