DynamoDB returns TableInUseException when you try to modify a table while another operation is already in progress on that table. This error occurs during concurrent CreateTable, UpdateTable, or DeleteTable operations on the same DynamoDB table.
The TableInUseException error in DynamoDB indicates that you're attempting to perform a table-level operation (like updating table settings, creating indexes, or deleting the table) while another operation is already in progress on the same table. DynamoDB table operations are asynchronous and can take significant time to complete, especially for large tables. During this time, the table is locked for certain types of modifications to prevent conflicts and ensure data consistency. Common scenarios that trigger this error: 1. **Concurrent schema modifications**: Trying to update table settings while another UpdateTable operation is in progress 2. **Overlapping index creation**: Attempting to create a new global secondary index while another index operation is running 3. **Table deletion conflicts**: Trying to delete a table while it's being updated or has pending operations 4. **Rapid sequential operations**: Sending multiple table modification requests in quick succession without waiting for completion This error has an HTTP status code of 400 and typically includes additional context about the specific operation that's blocking your request.
First, identify what operation is currently in progress on the table:
# List recent table operations
aws dynamodb describe-table --table-name YourTableName
# Check for specific operation status
aws dynamodb describe-table --table-name YourTableName \
--query 'Table.TableStatus'Wait until the table status returns to 'ACTIVE' before attempting new operations.
When programmatically modifying tables, implement proper polling to wait for operations to complete:
// Simple polling function
async function waitForTableActive(tableName) {
while (true) {
const { Table } = await dynamodb.describeTable({
TableName: tableName
}).promise();
if (Table.TableStatus === 'ACTIVE') {
return true;
}
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 5000));
}
}Always wait for previous operations to complete before starting new ones.
Implement coordination mechanisms when multiple services need to modify the same table:
// Using a simple lock mechanism
const lockTable = 'TableOperationLocks';
async function withTableLock(tableName, operationName, callback) {
// Attempt to acquire lock
// Execute operation
// Release lock
}Use distributed locking or orchestration services to serialize table modification requests.
Implement robust error handling in infrastructure-as-code scripts:
#!/bin/bash
TABLE_NAME="YourTableName"
# Check status before attempting update
status=$(aws dynamodb describe-table \
--table-name "$TABLE_NAME" \
--query 'Table.TableStatus' \
--output text)
if [ "$status" = "ACTIVE" ]; then
# Perform update
aws dynamodb update-table --table-name "$TABLE_NAME" ...
else
echo "Table is $status, waiting..."
exit 1
fiAlways check table status before attempting modifications.
Design your application to minimize table modifications:
- Batch multiple schema changes into single UpdateTable calls
- Schedule disruptive operations during maintenance windows
- Use feature flags to gradually roll out schema changes
- Consider using separate tables for A/B testing schema changes
Set up monitoring to detect stuck table operations:
# CloudWatch Alarm for long-running operations
aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm \
--alarm-name "DynamoDB-Table-Operation-Timeout" \
--metric-name "SuccessfulRequestLatency" \
--namespace "AWS/DynamoDB" \
--threshold 1800 \
--comparison-operator "GreaterThanThreshold"Set up alerts for operations exceeding expected duration.
## Table Operation Lifecycle
DynamoDB table operations vary in duration based on table size and operation type:
| Operation | Typical Duration |
|-----------|-----------------|
| UpdateTable (throughput) | 1-2 minutes |
| UpdateTable (GSI creation) | 5-60+ minutes |
| UpdateTable (GSI deletion) | 1-30 minutes |
| CreateTable | 1-2 minutes |
| DeleteTable | 1-5 minutes |
## Concurrent Operation Limits
DynamoDB imposes specific limits:
1. Only one schema modification can be in progress per table at a time
2. Global secondary index operations count as schema modifications
3. Stream modifications can sometimes proceed concurrently
4. Consider multi-region deployment patterns to avoid cross-region conflicts
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