How to fix fatal: destination path 'repo' already exists and is not an empty directory in Git

Before taking action, inspect what's in the directory causing the conflict:

ls -la repo/

This shows all files including hidden ones. You may find:
- A .git folder from a previous clone
- Hidden system files like .DS_Store
- Actual project files you need to preserve

If the directory contains nothing important, remove it and clone again:

rm -rf repo
git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git

On Windows:

rmdir /s /q repo
git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git

Warning: This permanently deletes the directory and all its contents. Make sure you don't need any files inside.

If you want to keep the existing directory, clone into a new location by specifying a different name:

git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git repo-new

You can name it anything you want. This is often the safest approach when you're unsure about the existing directory's contents.

If the existing directory is actually a Git repository you cloned before, you don't need to clone again—just update it:

cd repo
git pull origin main

Check if it's a valid repository first:

cd repo
git status

If this works, you already have the repo and just need to pull updates.

If you need to clone into a directory that has files you want to keep (like configuration files), use init and fetch instead:

cd existing-directory
git init
git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repo.git
git fetch origin
git checkout main -f

Note: The -f flag forces checkout and may overwrite conflicting files. Review what's in the directory first.

In CI/CD environments, this error often occurs when the workspace isn't cleaned between runs. Solutions vary by platform:

GitHub Actions: The checkout action handles this automatically, but ensure you're using actions/checkout@v4

GitLab CI: Add cleanup or use GIT_STRATEGY: clone with GIT_CLEAN_FLAGS: -ffdx

Jenkins: Enable 'Clean before checkout' in your pipeline settings

Generic fix: Add a cleanup step before clone:

rm -rf ./repo || true
git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git