How to fix ImagePullBackOff in Kubernetes

What this error means

Multiple pull failures triggered backoff state

Typical symptoms

• BackOff status
• repeated errors
• no container start
• works locally
• pending

Common causes

1. missing tag
2. missing secret
3. expired auth
4. network blocked
5. firewall
6. deleted image

How to fix "ImagePullBackOff"

Advanced notes

Related errors

• Failed to connect to server: connection refused (HTTP/2)

  How to fix "HTTP/2 connection refused" error in Kubernetes

  HIGH

• missing request for cpu in container

  How to fix "missing request for cpu in container" in Kubernetes HPA

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• error: invalid configuration

  How to fix "error: invalid configuration" in Kubernetes

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Official resources & further reading

• 📚Kubernetes Official Documentation
• 📖
  Kubernetes API Reference(Official Docs)
• 📖
  Kubernetes Tasks: Run Applications(Official Docs)
• 💬
  Stack Overflow: Kubernetes image pull backoff(Stack Overflow)
• 🐙
  Kubernetes GitHub Issues(GitHub)